Ventilator.



PATENTED DEC. 19, 1905.

G. F. WILLIAMS.

VENTILATOR.

PATENTED DEC. 1'9, 1905.

G. P. WILLIAMS.

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No. 807,525. PATENTED DEC. 19, 1905.

' G. I'. WILLIAMS.

VENTILATOR.

APrLIcATxoN FILED uns, 1902.

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No. 807,525. PATENTBD DEC. I9, 1905. G. I'. WILLIAMS.

VENTILATOR.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 9, 1902.

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lave/Zar PATENTED DEC. 19, 1905.

G F WILLIAMS VBNTILATUR.

APPLICATION MLPD MAYQ, 1902 Ilnllllllllly (l 'Il l l IL W/Lfses, 7%/Z/Wf. .Z4/

GILBERT F. VILLIAMS, OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

VENTILATOR.

Speccaton of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 19, 1905.

Application filed May 9, 1902. Serial N0. 106,583.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, GILBERT F. WILLIAMS, a citizen of the United States,residing at Washington, District of Columbia, have invented certain newand useful Improvements in Ventilators; and I do hereby declare thefollowing to be a full, clear, and eXact description of the invention,such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains tomake and use the same.

This invention relates to an improvement in ventilators; and it isembodied in the construction hereinafter described, and defined in theclaims.

The invention relates more particularly to that type of ventilatorintended or designed for use in connection with vehicles, such as cars,and also for houses, oices, and other compartments wherein a freshsupply of air is needed. i

An important requirement in ventilators for cars and all otherventilation is to avoid direct blasts and prevent theentering of foreignmatter, such as rain, snow, hail, cinders, te. The present invention isintended to successfully fulfil this requirement.

Therefore this invention consists in peculiarly-constructed apparatuswhich will prevent direct blasts and the ingress of rain, snow, hail,cinders, or other foreign matter carried by direct air-currents, whichwill be positioned either b v being built into walls or placed in awindow or other opening, which will be automatic in its adjustment,which may be set to opened or closed positions and there positivelyheld, which in structure will embody simplicity, and which will be soshaped'y as to prevent the harboring of snow, hail, di rt, cinders, &c.

In the accompanyingdrawings is shown an embodiment of the invention inpreferred and modified forms; but it is to be understood that thegeneral principle of the invention may be employed with apparatus ofwidely-different forms and arrangement. Therefore various changes andmodifications of the invention shown can be made without departing' fromthe nature and principle thereof.

Figures l and 2 are perspective views of the improved apparatus,takcnfrom opposite ends. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal vertical section showingparts in elevation. Fig. t is an end elevation. Fig. 5 is a perspectiveview of the inner member or cylinder. Fig. 6 is a longitudinal sectionof the same. Figs. 7 and 8 are cross-sections on the lines 7 7 and 8 8of Fig. 3 looking, respectively, in the direction of the arrows. Fig. 9is a longitudinal section through the outer member or shell. Fig. l() isa longitudinal vertical section through a modified form of apparatus.Fig. l1 is a sectional elevation on the line ll 11 of Fig. 12. Fig. 12is a plan view of the same, partly broken away. Fig. 13 is alongitudinal vertical section of another modified form. Fig. 14 is asection on the line 141. 14 of Fig. 13; and Fig. l5 is an end elevationshowing parts in section, the hoods omitted.

The invention as illustrated comprises an outer element or member and aninner element adjustable and movable relative to the outer element. Forconvenience the elements are illustrated as of cylindrical formation,and the outer member or element I shall term a casing the same beingdesignated at A. The cylinder-casing A is provided with end closingplates a and conveniently formed with bearing-brackets A, centrallylocated at the ends of the end plate. These brackets, for purposespresently to be stated, are arranged in reverse order, so as to present,respectively, an opening directly upward and downward. The casing isconveniently equipped with a liange A2, located adjacent the center,which serves as an anchoring or attaching plate or shoulder, to which asuitable board or supporting-plate is secured. This board or suitablesupporting-plate is omitted from the drawings, but may be of any desiredtype to fit a window-frame and be held in place by the sash or, ifdesirable, may be a partitionwall or the lower rail of a window-sash. Inthe opposite sides ,of the casing A, slightly below the central planethereof, are openings A3 Ai, and similar openings A5 A(i are formed atdiagonally opposite points and at the opposite end of the casing. Overthese openings are arranged deflector-hoods A7 A8, the former havingopen under faces and the latter opening upward. The openings in eachcase are conveniently but not necessarily screened.

The inner element or, as I shall term it, the inner cylinder isrepresented at B and consists of a cylindrical member having closedends, from the centers of which project-trunnions or hubs B'. Thiscylinder is loosely mounted on the shaft C, the ends of which arevfixedly secured in the vertical portions of the brackets A',conveniently by nuts threaded on the ends of the shaft. The cylinder isIOO cut away at diagonally opposite points, forming openings b as shownin Fig. 3, which open in opposite directions-that is to say, one opensupward, while the other opens downwardgand being' positioned at oppositeends of the cylinder. The openings b and are in dimension equal to theopenings in the casing A, with which they are intended to register whenproperly adjusted. Spanning the interior of the cylinder B at the end ofthe opening 7) is a deiiector-plate B2, the same eX- tending from thetop of the cylinder down to a point slightly below the axis thereof, asshown in dotted lines, Fig. 3, and full lines, Figs. 6 and 7. A similardetlector-plate B3 is located at the inner end of the opening b andextending in an opposite directionfrom that of the delector-plate B2 andterminating at a point Sligh tly above the axis of the cylinder. Theposition of these deector-plates is such as to form a passage betweenthe same, so that air entering through the opening 5 and escapingthrough the opening will of necessity have to pass through a tortuouspassage, thus preventing a direct or unbroken inliow ofthe air-currents.To provide an automatic means for adjusting the cylinder within thecasing under all conditions to the pressure created by the wind or airresistance on the outside of the structure to which the deflector isapplied, a suitable vane D is attached by a standard CZ to the trunnionor hub B at what I shall term the outer end of theA cylinder. Thestandard of this vane is rigidly attached to the hub and is permitted toswing by the construction of the brackets A. This movement, it isdesired, shall be limited so that when the vane has been moved in onedirection until the openings in the cylinder register with the openingsin the casing it will be prevented from further delection. The meansemployed are conveniently rubber-covered buffer pins orstrips CZ,located on opposite sides of the end plate A', as shown in Fig. 4. Thevane D may be of any preferred or desired formation. In Fig. 3 I haveshown this vane as simply a flat metal plate. In Figs. 4 and lO the vaneis shown in what I may term the "preferred form, consisting lofconcavo-convexed plates arranged back to back supported by the standard.In Fig. 2 the vane is shown as composed of two rectangular platescurved, respectively, in opposite directions. It is obvious that otherforms of vanes may be employed.

Obviously under certain conditions it will be necessary or desirable toretain the ventilator in either an open or closed position,check ingthereby its automatic action. rIo accomplish this result, I attach tothe hub at the opposite end of the cylinder, which I shall term theinner end of the cylinder, an arm E, extending out at right angles andhaving on its outer end a suitable thumb-screw e, passing through theend of the arm and arrangedsothat its point will engage atrack-plate eon the end of the' casing. By adjusting the screw e to impinge againstthe plate e the cylinder is prevented from rotating, and in thisconnection it may be found desirable to have suitable sockets in theplate e' into which the end of the set-screw may enter.

Before describing certain modilications shown I shall proceed todescribe the operation of the construction above described. In thisconnection I shall for convenience sake refer to the ventilator asemployed or used on a car; but by so doing I do not wish to beunderstood that the use is confined in this particular, for it isobvious that the ventilator is either to be actuated by its own movementthrough the air-as, for instance, on a vehicle or boat-or when the airis moving and the ventilator is held stationary-as, for instance, in abuilding. It is now recognized that in the art. of Ventilating it isessential to avoid direct blasts, and, therefore, any defiector orcollector which tends to introduce blasts of air directly into thecompartment is objectionable. It is also known that whaty may be termedrear or back currents of air are induced to enter a compartmentnotwithstanding the sweep of the air or wind across the rear or backopening of the protruding end of the ventilator and that suchcountercurrents will flow into the` compartment. When the ventilatordescribed is adjusted properly and the currents of air are created orpressure exerted on the left-hand side of the vane shown, the cylinderwill be moved, thereby causing the opening to register with the openingAL in the casing and the opening b to register with the opening A5 inthe casing, thus having the ingress-opening of the ventilator at theback of the protruding end of the casing. The hoods prevent thedeliection of any foreign substances into the openings and en tering thecasing between the same and the cylinder. The currents of air passingbelow the front opening in the side of the hood strike the lowerdelecting portion of the casing and are thereby deflected and, passingback, will create a back current through the hood at the rear into therear opening, said current taking a tortuous course through` thecylinder and passing out of the diagonally opposite opening locatedwithin the compartment or car, the air issuing gently and without force,but in a steady practically regular current.

AThe larger the exposure for the passage of air4 through the ventilatorthe greater the amount whichwill-be permitted to pass, and should thetrain cease moving the ventilator will automatically close to precludethe passage therein of smoke or objectionable vapors; but if it isdesired to retain the same open it is only necessary to adjust itthrough the mediuml of the arm E and set it in its adjusted position.The reversal of the above is of course necessary when the train ismoving IOO IOC

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senss in an opposite direction. The automatic regu-l i above describedis particulary well adapted `for the decks of railway-coaches, and bythe use of the inner hoods A8 the-air-currents passing into the car doso by the rear opening and, besides, are deflected upward, therebyavoiding the possibility of any drafts being thrown onto the heads ofany of thepassengers. The importance of screening the openings is toprevent the accidental entering or purposeful throwing into them oflarge particles, such as paper, which would interfere with the workingof the ventilator.

An additional feature of the invention resides in the constructionwherein the openings in the cylinder B are so proportioned andpositioned that a movement of the cylinder in either directionv willcause the openings to register with the openings in the casingillustrated in Figs. 7 and 8.4 By this means should the conditions ofthe atmosphere justify the inner cylinder can be adjusted so as to causea direct blast. Such a condition may be found to exist where theatmosphere outside is calm and no wind blowing, and so a greater amountof air is desired for a period of time.

In Figs. 10, 11, 12 I have shown a modified form of construction, thechanges relating more particularly to the details than to the principle.In these figures the inner cylinder is shown as being mounted rigidly onthe shaft F, which in turn is supported by conical bearings formed onthe ends of the adjusting-screwsf. This method of mounting the innercylinder is desirable in that avery sensitive bearing is provided,resulting in the prompt, quick, automatic, and slight friction action ofthe device. In lieu of the side exitopening it may be found desirable insome cases to have a single exit-opening, which is represented at I-I inthe said figures, the said opening entering directly through the top ofthe casing and registering with a large single opening F in the innercylinder, the remaining features being substantially the same as in thefigures heretofore described, with this slight exception, that the innerportion of the inner cylinder is cut away substantially two-thirds ofits circumference, as shown in Fig. 11, so that the imperforate portionor side wall F2 will not act as a closer for the opening H, which isalways left open. The opening H is conveniently closed by lid H.

The principle disclosed in the abovedescribed figures is also found inthe construction shown in Figs. 13 and 14, in which case the innercylinder K is one-half the length of the casing, the inner end of thecasing serving as the passage for the air, which in turn escapes throughthe opening K at the top. In this particular construction the opening loin the cylinder is (to any intent) substantially twice that of theopenings in the casing and located intermediate the two openings, sothat upon the swinging of the cylinder by the vane the opening in thedirection of the swing will be disclosed, the opposite one being closed.In this particular construction I have found it expedient to provide adevice for locking the cylinder closed, which may often be foundnecessary when the ventilator is used at the top or in the deck of a caror when applied for stationary` ventilation, such as office, house, orhospital purposes. For that purpose I have secured to the shaft carryingthe cylinder two arms L, having' their outer ends curved outwardly, andbetween the arms on the casing is a spring-actuated pin-M, mounted toslide in suitable brackets m m on the end of the casing and on anysuitable fixture below the casing. Adjacent to the end of the rod M,which is provided with a suitable cap m2, is a cam-lever O, which whenmoved into a vertical position forces the rod M up between the arm-s Land holds it in such position. By throwing the lever at right angles, asshown in dotted lines, Fig. 15, the rod M is permitted to be projecteddownward by the force of the spring N, surrounding the same.

I believe I am the first to provide a ventilator of,which I shall term,the positive counter-current type, which is automatic in its action, sothat the same will be opened by airpressure and which will beself-regulating to the extent that the opening for the counterVentilating currents will always be in the proper direction relative tothe wind-pressure or upon the wind being from one direction and changingto the opposite direction. It is also evident that should theair-pressure be insufficient to move the vane or cylinder the saine maybe manipulated by hand and adjusted to full or partial open position.

Having thus described the invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

1. A ventilator comprising in its structure a casing havingoppositely-arranged air-inlet openings in its sides and an enddischargeopening, means within the casing for closing one inlet-openingand opening the opposite opening, and means without the casing connectedwith said closing means for governing the position thereof,substantiallyas described.

2. In a ventilator, the combination with a casing having air-inletopenings in its sides and an opening in its end, of a movable elementwithin the casing for closing an inletopening, and means located withoutthe casing acted upon by air-pressures to adjust said closing means,substantially as described.

3. In a ventilator, the combination with a casing having openings indifferent sides thereof and an end opening, means for closing one of theopenings and opening the other opening, and a vane connected with saidclosing and IOO IIO

opening means for adjusting the same, sub

hoods extending over the openings, shutters for the openings locatedWithinthe casing, a vane for 'normally holding theshutters in oneposition and acted on by Wind-pressure to move Vthe :shutters todifferent positions, yand stops for limitingvthe movement of theshutters.

6. In a ventilator the combination With a casing having openings in itsopposite sides, shutters for closing the openings, hoods in front ofthe-openings, anda depending standardcarrying a vane for normallyretaining the `shutters in-one lposition and for moving the same into akdifferent position.

7. In a ventilator, the combination with a casing havingoppositely-arranged air -Yinlet openings in its sides, hods extendingover the 'openings and having open under faces, pivoted means within thecasing'for-closing said openings, anda device located Without the casingfor adjusting said closing means, lsubstantially as described.

8. In a ventilator, the Acombination Vwith a casing having air inlet andoutlet openings, of a cylinder loosely mounted in the casing and havingopenings therein registering With said other openings, and a vanelocated without the casing and lconnected with said cylinder foradjusting the same Within the casing, substantially as described.

9. Ina ventilator, the combination With a casing havinginlet and outletports, of a ro-` tatable cylinder Within the casing having aninlet-port, partitions Within the casing anda vane connected with thecylinder and located Without the casing for adjusting the cylinder,substantially as described. l

10. A ventilator comprising a casing having inlet-.ports arranged atdifferent points therein,

curved deflecting-hoods projected over said ports and opening at anangle thereto, and means carried bythe casing for closing one port andopening the opposite port.

ll. In a ventilator, the combination with a casing having inlet andoutlet ports, of an adjustable element Within the casing forclosing aport, a vane located Without the casing for adjusting said element, andmeans independent of the vane for adjusting and securing in its adjustedposition the element located Without the casing, substantially asdescribed.

12. The combination with a casing having inlet-ports, of hoodsextending-over said ports having open lower faces only, and Ameans forsimultaneously closing one port and opening the opposite port,substantially as described.

13.- The combination With a casing having inletand outlet ports, of acylinder located within the casing for closing a port, means locatedWithout the cylinder actuated by Windpressurefor adjusting said closingmeans, and independent means for locking said closing means in differentpositions, substantially as described.

14:. In a ventilator, the combination Withva casing having curved sidesand openings in the'sides, hoods projecting over and in front of theopenings and means actuated by Wind- Y pressure for closing one of theopenings.

15. In a ventilator, a casing fashioned to project beyond a support andprovided with suitable air-openings. and a deiiecting-surface below theplane of the openings, .means for closing one opening and openinganother opening, and hoods extending over the openings.

l. In a ventilator, a casing having oppositely-arranged openings and adeiiecting-surface belovv the openings, hoods having a single open sideprojected over the openings, and means actuated by wind-pressureforclosing one of the openings.

In testimony whereof I aiiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

GILBERT F. 'WILLIAMS Witnesses:

L. S. BAooN, JOHN L. FLETCHER.

